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1 American English
Сложился на территории США за период от основания колоний до сегодняшнего дня. Формировался на основе британского варианта с включением элементов языков иммигрантов, индейцев. Отличается от британского элементами грамматики, произношением, написанием слов (center, theater), лексикой (gas station, railroad) и по другим признакам, имеет собственные этнические (например, [Black English]) и территориальные (например, [ Appalachian English]) диалекты. Некоторые исследователи склонны считать его самостоятельным языком (American language). Стандартный вариант американского английского принято называть General American; некоторые исследователи считают, что на территории США распространено, по крайней мере, 5 основных региональных вариантов (восток Новой Англии [Eastern New England], континентальный Север [Inland Northern], северный Мидленд [North Midland] (самый крупный), южный Мидленд [South Midland], Юг [Southern]). Основные лексические и фонетические стандарты современного языка традиционно фиксируются в словаре Вебстера [ Webster's Dictionary]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > American English
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2 black
black [blæk]∎ as black as ink noir comme du jais ou de l'encre;∎ black and blue (bruised) couvert de bleus;∎ they beat him black and blue ils l'ont roué de coups;∎ to be black and blue all over être couvert de bleus, être tuméfié;∎ Australian familiar beyond the Black Stump en pleine brousse, au diable vauvert∎ the black area of New York le quartier noir de New York;∎ he won the black vote il a gagné les voix de l'électorat noir;∎ black man Noir m;∎ black woman Noire f;∎ the room was as black as British pitch or American tar dans la pièce il faisait noir comme dans un four∎ they painted a black picture of our prospects ils ont peint un sombre tableau de notre avenir;∎ the situation is not as black as it looks la situation n'est pas aussi désespérée qu'on pourrait le croire;∎ the situation looks black les choses se présentent très mal;∎ in a fit of black despair dans un moment d'extrême désespoir;∎ it's a black day for the UN c'est un jour noir pour l'ONU∎ he gave her a black look il lui a jeté ou lancé un regard noir∎ a black deed un crime, un forfait;∎ he's not as black as he's painted il n'est pas aussi mauvais qu'on le dit∎ her hands were black with ink elle avait les mains pleines d'encre2 noun∎ he'd swear black is white il refuse d'admettre l'évidence(b) (darkness) obscurité f, noir m∎ to get back into the black sortir du rouge;∎ I want the agreement in black and white (written down) je veux voir l'accord écrit noir sur blanc;∎ to put sth down in black and white écrire qch noir sur blanc;∎ things aren't that black and white les choses ne sont pas si simples∎ he blacked his attacker's eye il a poché l'œil de son agresseur;∎ Theatre the actors blacked their faces les acteurs se sont noirci le visage►► black Africa l'Afrique f noire;black American Afro-Américain(e) m,f;the black art, the black arts la magie noire;black bear ours m noir;Black Beauty = pur-sang dans un célèbre roman pour enfants écrit par Anna Sewell en 1877;Entomology black beetle cafard m, blatte f;∎ she's a black belt in judo elle est ceinture noire de judo;Finance black book plan m de défense contre une OPA ou anti-OPA;Accountancy & Finance black bottom line solde m créditeur;black box boîte f noire;Cookery black bread pain m de seigle;black cab taxi m londonien, taxi m anglais;black cherry Botany (fruit) guigne f noire; (tree) merisier m américain, French Canadian cerisier m tardif;black comedy comédie f noire;Politics black consciousness négritude f;the Black Country le Pays noir;History Black Death peste f noire;Ornithology black duck canard m noir;Commerce black economy économie f noire;black eye œil m poché ou au beurre noir;∎ I'll give him a black eye! je vais lui faire un œil au beurre noir!;the Black Forest la Forêt noire;Black Forest gateau forêt-noire f;Petroleum industry black gold or m noir;Ornithology black grouse tétras-lyre m, coq m des bouleaux;Ornithology black guillemot guillemot m à miroir blanc;Astronomy black hole trou m noir;History the Black Hole of Calcutta = célèbre prison à Calcutta au XVIIIème siècle;∎ familiar it's like the Black Hole of Calcutta in there! il fait horriblement sombre là-dedans!;black humour humour m noir;black ice verglas m;Ornithology black kite milan m noir;Stock Exchange black knight chevalier m noir;Ornithology black lark calandre m nègre;Chemistry & Metallurgy black lead graphite m;black magic magie f noire;Zoology black mamba mamba m noir;familiar Black Maria panier m à salade (fourgon);black mark mauvais point m;∎ it's a black mark against her ça joue contre elle;1 nounCommerce marché m noir;∎ on the black market au marché noir(cigarettes, whisky) au marché noir;Commerce black marketeer vendeur(euse) m,f au marché noir;Black Mass messe f noire;Botany black medick luzerne f lupuline, minette f;Stock Exchange Black Monday lundi m noir, jour m du krach (boursier) (le lundi 19 octobre 1987);black money (earned on black market) argent m du marché noir; (undeclared) argent non déclaré au fisc;Religion Black Muslim Black Muslim mf (membre d'un mouvement séparatiste noir se réclamant de l'Islam);Politics Black Nationalism = mouvement nationaliste noir américain;black pepper poivre m gris;Politics Black Power Black Power m (mouvement séparatiste noir né dans les années 60 aux États-Unis);History the Black Prince le Prince Noir (fils du roi Édouard III d'Angleterre et duc d'Aquitaine);Cookery black pudding boudin m (noir);Botany black radish radis m noir;Ornithology black redstart rouge-queue m noir;Parliament Black Rod = huissier chargé par la Chambre des lords britannique de convoquer les Communes;Black Russian (cocktail) black russian m;the Black Sea la mer Noire;black sheep brebis f galeuse;British figurative black spot point m noir;Ornithology black stork cigogne f noire;University Black Studies = études afro-américaines;History the Black and Tans = forces armées britanniques envoyées en Irlande en 1920 pour lutter contre le Sinn Fein;Ornithology black tern guifette f épouvantail, guifette f noire;Black Thursday Jeudi noir (jour du krach de Wall Street qui déclencha la crise de 1929);black tie = nœud papillon noir porté avec une tenue de soirée;∎ black tie (on invitation card) tenue de soirée exigée;black velvet (cocktail) = cocktail de champagne et de stout;British Military Black Watch = nom populaire d'un régiment de l'armée britannique, le Royal Highland Regiment;Ornithology black wheatear traquet m rieur ou noir;black widow (spider) latrodecte m, veuve f noire;Ornithology black woodpecker pic m noirs'évanouirTheatre se maquiller la peau en noir, se noircir le visageⓘ BLACK AMERICAN ENGLISH Beaucoup d'Afro-Américains parlent un anglais particulier dont la syntaxe et le vocabulaire portent encore l'empreinte de certaines langues africaines. De nos jours certains spécialistes rejettent le terme "Black American English", se fondant sur le fait que cette langue - aujourd'hui communément appelée "ebonics" - est plus proche des structures des langues africaines parlées par les premiers esclaves que de l'anglais standard, alors que d'autres la considèrent comme un simple dialecte. Récemment, et ce particulièrement grâce à la popularité du rap, l'anglais parlé par les Afro-Américains est devenu à la mode chez les jeunes des deux côtés de l'Atlantique.ⓘ THE BLACK COUNTRY Le Pays noir désigne, en Grande-Bretagne, la région des West Midlands, riche en aciéries et en mines de charbon. -
3 ♦ black
♦ black /blæk/A a.1 (di color) nero: a black skirt, una gonna nera; black smoke, fumo nero; black ants, formiche nere; The sky was black, il cielo era nero3 ( anche Black) nero; dei neri; (in USA, anche) afroamericano: two black men, due neri; a black American, un nero americano; un afroamericano; black English, dialetto inglese parlato dai neri americani; Black Studies, studi afroamericani; the black vote, il voto dei neri (o degli afroamericani)4 nero; cupo; tetro; brutto; truce; orribile; tragico: a black day, un giorno nero; un giorno orribile; black despair, nera disperazione; to be in a black mood, essere di umor nero; Things look black, la situazione è grave; to paint a black picture of st., fare un quadro nero di qc.5 furioso; iroso; minaccioso: a black look, un'occhiata furiosa; un'occhiataccia; to be black in the face, avere l'aria furiosa; to look as black as thunder, essere infuriato; avere una faccia da temporale6 (antiq.) malvagio; nero: black deeds, azioni malvage; malefatte; black ingratitude, nera ingratitudine; black-hearted, dall'anima nera; malvagio7 illegale; nero; in nero; sommerso, sporco: black economy, economia sommersa; black market, mercato nero; borsa nera; black marketeer, borsanerista; borsaro nero; black money, denaro sporco NOTA D'USO: - in nero-B n.1 [u] nero ( colore o sostanza): Black is my favourite colour, il nero è il mio colore preferito; painted in black and yellow, dipinto di giallo e nero; pitch black, nero come la pece; to dress in black (o to wear black) vestire di nero; to put on black, vestirsi a lutto; mettere il lutto2 [u] oscurità; nero; buio● Black Africa, l'Africa nera □ black and blue, coperto di lividi: to beat sb. black and blue, riempire q. di lividi □ black and tan (sost.), varietà di terrier ( cane); (GB) miscela di birra amara e di birra forte: (stor.) the Black and Tans, i Black and Tans NOTE DI CULTURA: Black and Tans: il corpo britannico di ausiliari formato in gran parte da ex militari, inviato in Irlanda nel 1920 a sostegno della Royal Irish Constabulary, la polizia irlandese, e famoso per la durezza dei suoi metodi repressivi; così chiamato dai colori dell'uniforme □ black and white, (fotogr., TV, cinem.) in bianco e nero; (fig.) assolutistico, senza sfumature □ the black art, la magia nera; la negromanzia □ (zool.) black bear ( Ursus americanus), orso nero □ (fam. GB) black beetle, scarafaggio □ ( judo, karate) black belt, cintura nera □ (med. stor.) black bile, bile nera; atrabile □ (fis.) black body, corpo nero □ (mus.) black bottom, black bottom ( danza diffusa in USA negli anni Venti) □ black box, (aeron.) scatola nera; (fig.) strumento misterioso, sistema occulto □ (lett.) black-browed, adirato; scuro in viso □ (bot.) black bryony ( Tamus communis), tamaro; vite nera □ ( cucina) black butter, burro color nocciola con aceto □ ( scherma) black card, cartellino nero ( dell'arbitro) □ the Black Continent, il continente nero □ (in GB) the Black Country, la zona industriale delle Midlands occidentali □ (stor.) the Black Death, la peste nera □ (miner.) black diamond, carbonado □ (fam.) black dog, depressione; melanconia □ black eye, occhio nero, occhio pesto: to give sb. a black eye, fare un occhio nero a q. □ black-eyed bean, fagiolo dall'occhio (o con l'occhio nero) □ black flag, (stor.) bandiera nera ( dei pirati, ecc.); (autom.) bandierina nera □ (zool.) black fly ► blackfly □ (geogr.) the Black Forest, la Foresta nera □ (relig.) Black Friar, (frate) domenicano □ (agric.) black frost, gelo nero, freddo intenso ( senza neve né brina) □ black game (collett.), fagiano di monte ( come selvaggina) □ black gold, oro nero ( petrolio) □ (zool.) black grouse ( Lyrurus tetrix), fagiano di monte □ ( Internet) black hat hacker, hacker malevolo □ (astron., fis.) black hole, buco nero □ black humour, umorismo nero □ black ice, verglas (franc.); vetrato □ ( banca) black interest, interessi attivi □ (fig., stor.) black ivory, l'avorio nero ( gli schiavi africani) □ black jack = black flag ► sopra □ (fin.) black knight, cavaliere nero; chi lancia un'OPA ostile □ (ind.) black lead, piombaggine; grafite □ (tipogr.) black letter, carattere gotico □ (fis.) black light, raggi ultravioletti e infrarossi; luce nera □ black list ► blacklist □ ( USA) black lung, silicosi □ black magic, la magia nera; la negromanzia □ ( slang) Black Maria, furgone cellulare □ black mark, nota di biasimo □ black mass, messa nera □ Black Monday, (fin.) il lunedì nero (il 19 ottobre 1987, giorno del crollo della Borsa di New York); (arc.) lunedì di Pasqua □ (relig.) Black Monk, (frate) benedettino □ (polit.) Black Muslim, musulmano nero □ black oil, petrolio grezzo □ black-on-black, ( di colori) nero su nero; (fig.) invisibile o volutamente offuscato; (spec. di crimine, ecc.) di un nero nei confronti di un altro nero: black-on-black print, fantasia nero su nero; black-on-black violence, violenza commessa da un nero su un altro nero; black-on-black racism, razzismo di un nero nei confronti di un altro nero □ ( slang USA) black operator, agente segreto □ (polit.) Black Panther, Pantera nera □ (polit.) Black Power, Potere nero; Black Power □ ( banca) black products, numeri neri □ ( cucina) black pudding, sanguinaccio; migliaccio □ (in GB) Black Rod, usciere della Camera dei Lord □ (agric.) black rot, marciume nero □ (bot.) black salsify, scorzonera □ (geogr.) the Black Sea, il Mar Nero □ (fig.) black sheep, pecora nera □ (zool.) black skimmer ( Rhynchops nigra), rincope nero □ black spot, zona calda; punto caldo; situazione critica; (autom.) punto pericoloso, punto della morte; ( di radioricevente, ecc.) zona d'ombra; (zool., Diplocarpon rosae) fungo delle rose □ (fotogr.) black strip, pecetta □ (zool.) black swan, cigno nero □ black tie, cravatta a farfalla nera; ( per estens.) abito da sera, smoking □ black-tie (agg.), formale; in cui è d'obbligo l'abito da sera □ black water, acque luride □ (zool.) black widow ( Latrodectus mactans), vedova nera □ (fam. Austral.) beyond the black stump, in una zona remota dell'interno; in capo al mondo □ to be in sb. 's black books, essere nel libro nero di q.; non essere nelle grazie di q. □ (fig.) in black and white, per iscritto; nero su bianco; ( anche) senza sfumature, in modo semplicistico, o tutto nero o tutto bianco: to have st. down in black and white, mettere qc. per iscritto; mettere nero su bianco; to see things in black and white, vedere le cose in modo semplicistico □ in the black, ( banca) in credito, in nero; (econ.) in attivo □ not as black as one is painted, non così nero come lo si dipinge □ to swear black is white, negare l'evidenza dei fattiAVVISO: Black è il termine più in uso e più accettato per le persone di pelle nera. (to) black /blæk/v. t.1 annerire; sporcare4 (antiq. GB) boicottare (merci, un'azienda, ecc.) -
4 Black English
= Black English Vernacular, Black Vernacular English английский язык темнокожих американцев (любой из диалектов, распространённых в США)Syn: -
5 American
American [ə'merɪkən]1 nounAméricain(e) m,faméricain(embassy, history) des États-Unis►► American Association for Retired Persons = association américaine de retraités (constituant un groupe de pression);American Automobile Association = société de dépannage pour les automobilistes, ≃ Touring Club m de France;Law American Bar Association = association d'avocats américains qui sert de centre d'information et de formation continue à ses membres;Ornithology American bittern butor m d'Amérique;Zoology American black bear baribal m, ours m noir;Politics American Civil Liberties Union = ligue américaine des droits du citoyen;History the American Civil War la guerre de Sécession;Textiles American cloth toile f cirée;Ornithology American coot foulque f américaine;Ornithology American crow corneille f américaine;Finance American depositary receipt certificat m américain de dépôt;the American Dream le rêve américain;Ornithology Ameri-can eagle aigle m d'Amérique;American English (anglais m) américain m;Finance American Express ® American Express ®;∎ to pay by Ameri-can Express payer par American Express ®;American Express ® card carte f American Express ®;British American football football m américain;American football player joueur(euse) m,f de football américain;Ornithology American golden plover pluvier m doré américain;American Indian Indien(enne) m,f d'Amérique, Amérindien(enne) m,f;Sport American League = l'une des deux ligues professionnelles de base-ball aux États-Unis;Music American organ harmonium m;American American plan (in hotel) pension f complète;Ornithology American redstart fauvette f flamboyante;Ornithology American robin merle m migrateur;Ameri-can Samoa Samoa fpl américaines;the American Way le mode de vie américain;Ornithology American wigeon canard m siffleur d'Amérique;Ornithology American woodcock bécasse f américaine -
6 English
1. n собир. англичане2. n английский язык3. n английское слово, английский эквивалент4. n всем понятный языкin plain English — прямо, ясно, без обиняков
5. n полигр. миттель6. a английский7. a относящийся к английскому языку, английскийEnglish leather — < английская кожа>
8. a ист. англосаксонский9. v переводить на английский языкbusiness English — деловой язык; деловой стиль
10. v англизировать, устраивать на английский образец11. v включать в словарный состав английского языка -
7 American
1. n американец; американка; гражданин или гражданка Соединённых ШтатовAmerican machine — тигельная машина «американка»
2. n житель или уроженец американского континента3. n индеец или индианка Северной или Южной Америкиsouth american — житель Южной Америки; южноамериканский
4. n английский язык в Америкеnorth american — житель Северной Америки; североамериканский
5. a американский, относящийся к Соединённым ШтатамAmerican citizen — американский гражданин или американская гражданка, гражданин или гражданка Соединённых Штатов
American aloe — американское алоэ, столетник
American elm — ильм американский, ильм белый
American ostrich — американский страус, нанду
6. a относящийся к северо- или южноамериканским индейцамСинонимический ряд:North American (noun) American soldier; doughboy; GI joe; gringo; North American; northeasterner; Northerner; yank; Yankee -
8 English
['ɪŋglɪʃ] 1. прил. 2. сущ.1) ( the English) употр. с гл. во мн. англичанеspoken / colloquial English — разговорный английский
broken / fractured English — ломаный английский
in fluent / good English — на хорошем английском
- British Englishto speak in English — говорить, выступать на английском языке
- campus English
- Canadian English
- World English
- Indian English
- Modern English
- New English
- Standard English
- Old English
- Black English
- BBC English
- King's English
- Queen's English3) полигр. миттель, кегль 14•Gram:[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]English[/ref][ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]American and British English[/ref]••3. гл.1) уст.; = english переводить на английский2)б) устраивать на английский образец; англизироватьSyn: -
9 African American Vernacular English
лингв. (African American Vernacular English, сокр. AAVE)а) просторечный английский язык американских негровб) эбо́никссм. тж Ebonicsсин. Black English, Black English Vernacular, Black Vernacular English, EbonicsАнгло-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > African American Vernacular English
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10 African American Vernacular English
Англо-русский современный словарь > African American Vernacular English
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11 promiske Frau
fskeezer sl. [Black American English] -
12 Schlampe
f1. bitch sl.2. hooker3. moll4. rag bag5. skeezer sl. [Black American English]6. slag Br.7. slapper Br. coll.8. slattern9. slob10. sloven11. slut coll.12. trollopf[nachlässig gekleidete Frau]frump -
13 негритянский жаргон, акцент
American: ebonics (a nonstandard form of American English spoken by some Black people in the United States)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > негритянский жаргон, акцент
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14 ''сучка крашена (с)
American English: aeroplane blonde (a girl who has bleached/dyed her hair but still has a 'black box')Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ''сучка крашена (с)
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15 Собрание чернокожих в Конгрессе
American English: Congressional Black Caucus (фракция чернокожих депутатов Конгресса США)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Собрание чернокожих в Конгрессе
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16 чернокожий яппи
American English: buppie (acronym formed on Black Urban (or Upwardly-mobile) professional) -
17 ''сучка крашена
American English: (с) aeroplane blonde (a girl who has bleached/dyed her hair but still has a 'black box') -
18 AAVE
лингв. (African American Vernacular English, сокр. AAVE)а) просторечный английский язык американских негровб) эбо́никссм. тж Ebonicsсин. Black English, Black English Vernacular, Black Vernacular English, EbonicsАнгло-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > AAVE
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19 американский
1. american2. stateside3. American«первые американцы», американские индейцы — First Americans
Синонимический ряд:североамериканский (прил.) североамериканский -
20 однозначный английский язык
газетный язык; речевой газетный стиль — newspaper English
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > однозначный английский язык
См. также в других словарях:
Black Vernacular English — noun a nonstandard form of American English characteristically spoken by African Americans in the United States • Syn: ↑African American Vernacular English, ↑AAVE, ↑African American English, ↑Black English, ↑Black English Vernacular, ↑Black… … Useful english dictionary
American English — US English redirects here. For the political organization, see U.S. English (organization). For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). English language prevalence in the United States. Darker shades of blue indicate higher… … Wikipedia
American English — noun the English language as used in the United States • Syn: ↑American language, ↑American • Derivationally related forms: ↑American (for: ↑American) • Hypernyms: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
American English — /əˌmɛrɪkən ˈɪŋglɪʃ/ (say uh.merikuhn ingglish) noun 1. the English language as used in the United States, including all varieties whether regional or social. Compare Black English. 2. the major dialects of the English language broadly identified… …
Southern American English — Approximate extent of Southern American English, based upon multiple dialect studies.[1][2][3] … Wikipedia
North American English — (NAmE, NAE) is the variety of the English language of North America, including that of the United States and Canada. Because of their shared histories[1] and the similarities between the pronunciation, vocabulary and accent of American English… … Wikipedia
African American English — noun a nonstandard form of American English characteristically spoken by African Americans in the United States • Syn: ↑African American Vernacular English, ↑AAVE, ↑Black English, ↑Black English Vernacular, ↑Black Vernacular, ↑Black Vernacular… … Useful english dictionary
Midland American English — The Midland dialect of American English was first defined by Hans Kurath (A Word Geography of the Eastern United States, 1949) as being the dialect spoken in an area centered on Philadelphia and expanding westward to include most of Pennsylvania… … Wikipedia
African American English — ▪ dialect a language variety that has also been identified at different times in dialectology and literary studies as Black English, black dialect, and Negro (nonstandard) English. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used ambiguously,… … Universalium
African American English — Das afroamerikanische Englisch (engl.: African American Vernacular English (AAVE), auch als African American English, Black English, Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), Black Vernacular English (BVE) und umgangssprachlich als… … Deutsch Wikipedia
North American English regional phonology — See also: Regional vocabularies of American English North American English regional phonology is the study of variations in the pronunciation of spoken English by the inhabitants of various parts of North America. North American English can be… … Wikipedia